mathematics
自然対数
| da | x | a | x |
|
| ――― | = | |||
| dx | ||||
オイラーの公式
| e | iθ | = | cos | θ | + | i | sin | θ |
| e | iπ | = | − | 1 |
| e | x |
= | 1 | + | x | + | 1 ―― 2! |
x | 2 |
+ | 1 ―― 3! |
x | 3 |
+ | 1 ―― 4! |
x | 4 |
+ | …… | + | 1 ―― n! |
x | n |
| e | ix |
= | 1 | + | ix | + | 1 ―― 2! |
(ix) | 2 |
+ | 1 ―― 3! |
(ix) | 3 |
+ | 1 ―― 4! |
(ix) | 4 |
+ | …… | + | 1 ―― n! |
(ix) | n |
| cos | x | = | 1 | − | 1 ―― 2! |
x | 2 |
+ | 1 ―― 4! |
x | 4 |
− | 1 ―― 6! |
x | 6 |
+ | …… | + | (−1) | n |
1 ――― (2n)! |
x | 2n |
| sin | x | = | x | − | 1 ―― 3! |
x | 3 |
+ | 1 ―― 5! |
x | 5 |
− | 1 ―― 7! |
x | 7 |
+ | …… | + | (−1) | n |
1 ―――― (2n+1)! |
x | 2n+1 |
